Mammoth Sunflower

The mammoth is an annual plant

Interesting Fact: Sunflowers exhibit heliotropism, meaning they turn their flowers to follow the movement of the Sun from east to west during the day and return at night to face the east, ready for the morning sun. This occurs in the earlier stages before the flower becomes heavy with seeds.

Noteworthy Information: Sunflowers flourish in slightly acidic to somewhat alkaline soil (pH 6.0 to 7.5). They are heavy feeders, so the soil needs to be nutrient-rich with organic matter or composted manure. It is advisable to incorporate a slow-release granular fertilizer 8 inches deep into the soil. A light application of fertilizer at planting time will promote strong root growth, which helps prevent the plants from toppling over in the wind. It is best to sow sunflower seeds directly into the garden or outdoor containers after the danger of spring frost has passed, once the soil has warmed to at least 50°F (10°C). After establishment, water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep rooting. Unless the weather is exceptionally wet or dry, watering once a week with several gallons of water is sufficient. Tall species and cultivars require support; bamboo stakes are suitable for any plant with a strong, single stem needing short-term support. If fungal diseases are detected early, apply a general garden fungicide.

Harvesting Sunflower Seeds: Allow the flower head to dry on or off the stem until the back turns brown, the foliage yellow, the petals die down, and the seeds appear plump and somewhat loose. To protect the heads from birds when harvesting seeds for roasting, cover the flowers with light fabric such as cheesecloth secured by a rubber band. Alternatively, cut the flower head early and hang it upside down until the seeds dry. To remove the seeds, rub your hand over the seeded area or use a fork. Rinse the seeds before laying them out to dry for several hours or overnight. If saving seeds for replanting, store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry place until ready to plant.

Additional Insights:

• In some cultures, sunflowers symbolize courage.
• Need a bird feeder? Save whole, dry sunflower heads and set them out in winter for birds to enjoy.
• The tallest sunflower ever recorded was grown in Germany in 2014, measuring an impressive 30 feet and 1 inch tall.

Roasting Sunflower Seeds: Re-soak seeds overnight in salted water, strain, and dry on paper towels. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes at 325 degrees Fahrenheit on a baking sheet, ensuring seeds are spread out in a single layer. Stir frequently during baking and remove seeds when they are slightly browned. Avoid burning. Optionally, add olive oil, salt, and spices to the roasted seeds for additional flavor.